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[CS.AI] PIVOT: Bridging Black-Scholes Implied-Volatility and Price Objectives

Published at: 2026-06-18 22:00 Last updated: 2026-06-20 13:47
#algorithm #Machine Learning #optimization

Modern option-learning systems operate in two coordinates: price space and implied volatility (IV) space. Price space is where markets quote and no-arbitrage constraints are enforced, while IV space is where volatility surfaces are smoothed, regularized, and evaluated. The bottleneck lies in the interface, not the approximation: J"ackel's seminal 'Let's Be Rational' (LBR) solver efficiently inverts the Black-Scholes price to machine precision. What is missing is a differentiable layer that preserves LBR in the forward pass and avoids backpropagating through its branch logic. This layer must confront the unavoidable singularity of the inverse map in the low-vega regime, where sensitivity $1/vega$ diverges as $vega \to 0$. We bridge this gap with PIVOT, the Price-Implied-Volatility Objective Translator. PIVOT keeps the LBR forward pass intact and supplies the backward pass by implicit differentiation through the smooth Black-Scholes/Black-76 price map, with an explicit gating contract: invalid domains return NaN, well-conditioned rows receive the exact $1/vega$ gradient, and low-vega rows are attenuated rather than silently regularized. On a single H100, a fused Triton kernel reaches $1.79e9$ IV/s at machine precision (maximum relative error of $9.3e-14$ against the reference C solver); end-to-end label generation sustains $48.9M/s$ on synthetic chains and $16.6M/s$ on SPX OptionMetrics. In a HyperIV-style one-day reproduction on SPX, PIVOT-augmented objectives Pareto-dominate the baselines, reducing held-out price MAE by up to 43.4%, while the strongest three-seed gated objective improves price MAE by 38.8% and IV MAE by 21.3% jointly; cross-asset results on RUT, VIX, and NDX show directional price-MAE gains of 40.1%, 24.2%, and 16.7%, while an ungated IV-roundtrip control collapses to a degenerate near-zero surface, confirming the gate as a correctness contract rather than a tuning knob.

Blogger's Review: The introduction of PIVOT effectively addresses the inverse mapping issue in the Black-Scholes model, achieving efficient price and implied volatility transformation through a differentiable design. Its significant performance improvements and handling of low-vega regions showcase the potential for integrating deep learning and optimization in modern financial engineering, warranting further exploration and application.

Original Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.17065

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