AI chatbots are increasingly utilized for answering health-related questions. This study examines the impact of topic type discussed with an AI chatbot and individual characteristics on perceived benefits and risks, intention to use an AI chatbot, and willingness to self-disclose health information. We conducted an online experiment with a 2 (topic type: physical vs. psychological, between-subjects) x 2 (topic sensitivity: low vs. high, within-subjects) mixed design with a representative sample from the Netherlands (N = 1,388).
The results indicated that perceived benefits were positively associated with intention and willingness to self-disclose, while perceived risks were negatively associated. Furthermore, participants showed higher usage intentions for low-sensitive topics compared to high-sensitive topics. Additionally, perceptions, intentions, and willingness to self-disclose varied based on individual characteristics.
Overall, our findings suggest that intentions to use AI chatbots and self-disclosure of health-related information are primarily related to perceived benefits and risks, as well as personal characteristics, rather than to topic type.
Blogger's Review: This study provides crucial insights into the application of AI chatbots in the health sector, highlighting the relationship between user willingness to disclose information and perceived benefits and risks across different topics. Individual characteristics should also be carefully considered to optimize the design and application of AI systems.