Abstract
Self-supervised foundation models have recently shown strong potential for electroencephalogram (EEG)-based analysis. However, existing approaches struggle to capture the inherently multi-scale temporal structure of EEG signals, where local neural patterns and long-range dependencies jointly encode task-relevant information. This limitation hampers cross-scale representation learning and generalization across diverse downstream tasks.
To address this challenge, we propose MSBraM, a Multi-Scale self-supervised Brain foundation Model designed to learn hierarchical EEG representations. MSBraM follows a two-stage pretraining framework. First, a multi-scale neural tokenizer discretizes raw EEG signals into semantic codes at different temporal resolutions via vector-quantized reconstruction. Second, the model is pretrained to predict masked codes using a curriculum multi-scale masking strategy, progressively integrating fine-grained local patterns with global temporal context.
We pretrain MSBraM on over 2,400 hours of EEG data and evaluate it across 10 downstream tasks on 12 public datasets. Extensive experiments show that MSBraM achieves superior performance over other state-of-the-art pretrained models, demonstrating strong generalization and transferability. These results indicate that explicitly modeling multi-scale temporal dynamics is critical for effective EEG foundation models.
Blogger's Review: MSBraM successfully overcomes key challenges in EEG signal analysis through its innovative multi-scale processing strategy, showcasing significant application potential. Its pretraining framework also offers new insights for future brain signal research, warranting deeper exploration.